Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is an indirect measurement of the degree of inflammation present in the body. It is the rate at which red blood cells precipitate in a period of one hour. Increased blood levels of certain proteins, such as fibrinogen which increases in inflammation, cause the red blood cells to fall more rapidly, hence, increasing the ESR. This test is used to help diagnose conditions associated with acute or chronic inflammation, including infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. HIGH ESR occurs with inflammation, anemia, infection, pregnancy and old age. LOW ESR, although not usually important, can be seen with polycythemia, congestive heart failure, extreme leukocytosis, and with some protein abnormalities.
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