Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a common enzyme that can provoke an autoimmune reaction against the beta cells of the pancreas progressing to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Detection of anti-GAD antibodies provides early evidence of autoimmune disease acitivity. Its measurement is useful in assisting the prediction, diagnosis, and management of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The detection of GAD antibodies can also be of use in distinguishing insulin-dependent from non-insulin-dependent diabetics when the clinical history is ambiguous. GAD antibodies are present in many patients with Stiff Man Syndrome (SMS) and its variants, but also in patients with other neurological disorders. See Pancreatic Langerhans Islet Cell Antibodies, Serum
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