- Antigen association: dsDNA, histones, and/or nucleosomes. - Main disease association: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; SLE (95%), it is 1 of the 11 diagnostic criteria for lupus. - Other disease associations: Discoid and drug-induced lupus - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Ro(SS-A) , La (SS-B) - Main disease association: Sjogren's Syndrome (95%), SLE (40%), Scleroderma (5%) - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: U1RNP, Sm - Main disease association: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and SLE overlap Syndromes - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Cenp A, B, C - Main disease association: Limited Scleroderma/CREST (60%) and Raynaud’s phenomenon. They are also found in approximately 30% of patients with systemic sclerosis. - Other disease associations: Other autoimmune diseases who will subsequently develop features of scleroderma, such as: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Pm-Scl, Scl-70 - Main disease association: Scleroderma (30%), Polymyositis/scleroderma overlap. - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Main disease association: Primary biliary cirrhosis (30%), chronic active hepatitis. - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Sp100 - Main disease association: Primary biliary cirrhosis (6%), often with Sjögren's syndrome, and less frequent in SLE. - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Centrophilin, HsEg5 - Disease association: Rarely seen in Sjogren’s syndrome, SLE, and other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Disease association is not well established with this pattern. - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Pericentrin, ninein, CEP100, CEP250, enolase. - Disease association: Non-specific rheumatic diseases, some chronic post-viral syndromes. Disease association is not well established for this pattern. - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Cyclin - Main disease association: SLE (1-3%). - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - Antigen association: Giantin/macrogolgin, golgin family antigens. - Disease association: Uncommon but found with SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome, and other chronic systemic rheumatic disease. Disease association is not well established for this pattern. - Other disease associations: Cerebellar ataxia and degeneration, as well as viral infections. - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160). - This assay can detect anti-cytoplasmic autoantibodies that react either with visually recognizable subcellular structures (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton) or with undefined cytoplasmic antigens. - Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibodies (ASM), Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies (AMA), Liver antigen profile, recommended. - ANA is a semi-quantitative test, Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) test is recommended to further document the significance of the reported titer. - It is important to note that some healthy individuals, those with advanced age, or receiving certain medications have been reported to be positive for ANA. This is particularly observed with low ANA titers (up to 1/160).