Proinsulin is the precursor of insulin and the C peptide. Normally, about 5% of the proinsulin stored in granules in beta cells is released directly into the portal circulation instead of being converted in situ into insulin but this fraction can increase if insulin synthesis in the beta cells is stimulated for a prolonged period. In patients with Type II diabetes, especially the obese, the level of this prohormone is significantly elevated.
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