Prolactin is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary according to a circadian rhythm. Its main function is the induction and maintenance of lactation but it is also important in fertility by virtue of its key, direct action on the ovaries or testicles. Prolactin levels are regulated by dopamine, and the hormone is normally present in low amounts in men and non-pregnant women. There is a diurnal as well as an ovulatory cycle in prolactin secretion.Prolactin levels peak during REM sleep, and in the early morning. Levels can rise after exercise, meals, sexual intercourse, minor surgical procedures, or following epileptic seizures. HIGH levels are seen during pregnancy and in patients with prolactinoma, pituitary tumours, galactorrhea, chronic renal failure, primary hypothyroidism, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, or the use of certain drugs.
Avoid taking sample after mammary or pelvic examination.
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