Oxalate is an organic salt with the chemical formula of C2 04. At physiological pH levels, oxalate forms a soluble salt with sodium and potassium; however, when combined with calcium, it produces an insoluble product termed calcium oxalate, which is the most common chemical compound found in kidney stones. Urinary oxalate is the single strongest chemical promotor of kidney stone formation. Hyperoxaluria, defined as excessive urinary oxalate, is a common abnormal finding in patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones. Hyperoxaluria may be primary (a metabolic defect), secondary (due to impaired small intestine function) or toxic (drug-induced or due to over-consumption or accidental ingestion), and can lead to renal calculi. HIGH excretion may be due to excess production of oxalate, excess dietary intake, pancreatic disease, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, or Crohn’s disease. DECREASED levels are associated with hyperglycinemia and hyperglycinuria.